Alger
People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria has several names in several languages: الجزائر, al-Jaza’ir, Alger or Algeria. This country is really various and many-sided. Alger is an independent republic in North Africa. Its population numbers nearly 34.2 millions of people. Country’s area is 2.4 million km?. It is divided into 48 provinces. Algiers is the most important city in the region and is the capital of Algeria.
The president has the most power in the republic. Prime minister is an important figure as well.
President: Abdelaziz Bouteflika (since 1999),
Prime minister: Abdelaziz Belkhadem (since 2006)
Algeria had some difficult periods in its history including two decades of unrest. Even now there are several regions controlled and influenced by Islamist rebels. Though some areas in northern mountains and Sahara are insecure, governmental structures are care about the country and 90% of its territory are save and attractive for the tourists.
Algeria is a large and beautiful country; the largest one is North Africa. Algeria is famous by its beautiful landscapes. It stays on the hills; Atlas Mountains surround the country. Algeria has a good base for swift development and economic growth. Tourism may become the most profitable sphere because of country’s historical monuments and amazing nature. Unfortunately, politicians don’t pay enough attention to this sector building socialist mechanism.
Algeria had been France’s colony for many years until it got the independence in 1962. According some memorable events Algerians celebrate national holidays such as
- Independence Day on July 5, in remembrance of actual independence from France in 1962
- Revolution Day on November 1 celebrates the beginning of the fight against France in 1954.
Nature
Tell Atlas mountain chain stretches along the northern coast. Only few bays and plains can be met in mountains. Lowland around Algiers and Oran cities are closely populated. Small gulfs are used for fishing and iron ore transportation. Tell Atlas rises up for 1830 meters above the sea.
The highest point in Algeria is Tahat (3,003 m).
Geographical location of Alger plays an important role in its climate and nature. The territory is divided into two parts: the coast of Mediterranean Sea and Sahara desert. That’s why the country has different climate conditions: subtropical in the North and tropical in the South. Mainly the climate is very warm. Winter temperature is about +12, summer one is +25. Desert areas are hot; the temperature there is +33.
Precipitations are rare occurrence in Sahara. The strong wind often rages causing sandy storms.
Flora and fauna in Algeria are really rich and various. We can see high green trees on the sea coast and waterless plain in Sahara. Not big wild animals live in the North region. Desert is full of insects and snakes.
Tropic of Cancer: This region has really high temperatures all year long. But after sunset the heat recedes. The air is extremely dry; so many legends are known about desert zone and people’s wanderings there. The highest temperature reached 140.9 °F (60.5 °C)
The highest point in Algeria is Tahat (3,003 m).
Life, Culture, Religion
Algeria isn’t performed well in the Human Development Index where it ranks 104 place among 182 country. The currency of Algeria is dinar (DZD). 73 dinars is equal to $1. The level of unemployed citizens is about 13%. Official language is Arabic but many people use Berber dialects. Berber language are more vital here than in any other country. French is also widely spread there being both the language of higher learning and many aspects of culture.
The religion is mainly Sunni Islam. But many Muslims have recently converted to Christians.
Algeria has some conflicts because of religion.
Famous traveler and historian Ryszard Kapuscinski wrote: “I began to see Algiers as one of the most fascinating and dramatic places on earth. In the small space of this beautiful but congested city intersected two great conflicts of the contemporary world. The first was the one between Christianity and Islam (expressed here in the clash between colonizing France and colonized Algeria). The second, which acquired a sharpness of focus immediately after the independence and departure of the French, was a conflict at the very heart of Islam, between its open, dialectical — I would even say “Mediterranean” — current and its other, inward-looking one, born of a sense of uncertainty and confusion vis-a-vis the contemporary world, guided by fundamentalists who take advantage of modern technology and organizational principles yet at the same time deem the defense of faith and custom against modernity as the condition of their own existence, their sole identity.
In Algiers one speaks simply of the existence of two varieties of Islam — one, which is called the Islam of the desert, and a second, which is defined as the Islam of the river (or of the sea). The first is the religion practiced by warlike nomadic tribes struggling to survive in one of the world’s most hostile environments, the Sahara. The second Islam is the faith of merchants, itinerant peddlers, people of the road and of the bazaar, for whom openness, compromise, and exchange are not only beneficial to trade, but necessary to life itself.”
Alger’s culture has been forming for many centuries. Cultures of many countries and tribes has influenced on Alger’s traditions and lifestyle. The first was Berber epoch, then Arabic one. Later Turkish management played in important role in Alger life. But the most influential was French culture. Outstanding mix of Eastern and European philosophy made Alger interesting and many-sided country.
Though all these cultures have become the single one, some separate and exclusive traditions still exist. Berber traditions and ceremonies are the most widespread. Period of French colonization left many works of art.
Berber tribes still live in some village areas. Their homes seem like tents covered with ships’ skin. Women there wear wide trousers and chemises. They cover heads with the bright shawls.
Women in cities cover the lower part of faces. They use white shawls for heads and combine them with modern European clothes.
The science in Alger is on the high level. Alger National University is known as one of the best in the world. It fully corresponds to world standards. The country is proud of many scientists and researchers who made a major contribution in country’s development.
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